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The
death of the pro-British Ranjit Singh and the British annexation of Sind in
1843 led to a pre-emptive strike by the Sikhs in 1845.
The First Sikh War involved battles at Moodhee; Ferozeshah;
Aliwal and Sobraon: victories for the British under Gough, but with
heavy casualties due to the tactics of full frontal assault.
The second Sikh War (or Punjab Campaign) began with Sikh rebellion centered
around Multan in April 1848. Minor skirmishes led to battles at
Chillianwalla and Gujerat that effectively broke the power of the Sikh army
and led to eventual annexation of the Punjab.
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